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IL-17A:白細(xì)胞介素-17家族代表性靶點(diǎn),助力炎癥、免疫、腫瘤性皮膚病治療!

日期:2024-08-30 08:43:00

8月27日,NMPA官網(wǎng)顯示,智翔金泰的賽立奇單抗注射液(GR1501)獲批上市,用于治療中重度斑塊狀銀屑病,成為首款獲批上市的國(guó)產(chǎn)IL-17A單抗。同一天,恒瑞子公司盛迪亞1類新藥夫那奇珠單抗注射液(SHR-1314),一種靶向人IL-17A的重組人源化單克隆抗體,獲批上市,用于治療適合接受系統(tǒng)治療或光療的中重度斑塊狀銀屑病的成人患者。

兩款同領(lǐng)域、同靶點(diǎn)、同適應(yīng)癥藥物”前后腳”接踵而至,正式打破了外資藥企在中國(guó)IL-17A單抗領(lǐng)域的壟斷,為患者提供了更經(jīng)濟(jì)的治療選擇。在此之前,國(guó)內(nèi)已有4款I(lǐng)L-17類生物制劑獲批上市,分別是諾華的司庫(kù)奇尤單抗、禮來(lái)的依奇珠單抗、協(xié)和麒麟的布羅利尤單抗以及優(yōu)時(shí)比的比奇珠單抗。

可以預(yù)見(jiàn)的是,數(shù)十億銀屑病治療市場(chǎng)的格局,將隨著本土玩家進(jìn)場(chǎng)而迎來(lái)變局。下面,就讓我們一起來(lái)了解一下IL-17A。


1. 白細(xì)胞介素-17家族

白細(xì)胞介素-17(interleukin-17,IL-17)家族是一類重要的促炎癥因子,可以促進(jìn)多種細(xì)胞釋放炎性因子(IL1、IL6、IL17IL23),促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖和促血管生成 [1]。IL-17家族作為參與慢性炎癥和炎癥相關(guān)腫瘤發(fā)生和發(fā)展的重要炎癥因子,主要由活化的CD4+T輔助細(xì)胞即Th細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生 [2]。目前發(fā)現(xiàn)IL-17家族至少包括6個(gè)家族成員,分別是IL-17A、IL-17B、IL-17C、IL-17D、IL-17EIL-17F。IL-17家族通過(guò)與相應(yīng)的同源或異二聚體受體(IL-17RA,IL-17RB,IL-17RC,IL-17RDIL-17RE)結(jié)合發(fā)揮生物學(xué)效應(yīng) [3]圖1)。IL-17A即通常所說(shuō)的IL-17,是Th17細(xì)胞發(fā)揮作用的主要執(zhí)行者,可促進(jìn)炎癥反應(yīng)的發(fā)生,在自身免疫病、炎癥、腫瘤以及移植排斥反應(yīng)中發(fā)揮重要作用 [2]

IL-17家族細(xì)胞因子介導(dǎo)的炎癥性疾病發(fā)病

圖1. IL-17家族細(xì)胞因子介導(dǎo)的炎癥性疾病發(fā)病 [3]


2. 什么是IL-17A?

IL-17A是一種細(xì)胞因子,屬于白細(xì)胞介素17家族。IL-17A最初稱為CTLA-8,它由T細(xì)胞和其他類型的免疫細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生,并在免疫系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮重要作用 [4]。IL-17A主要由Th17細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生,其他細(xì)胞包括CD8+T細(xì)胞、γδT細(xì)胞、NK細(xì)胞及中性粒細(xì)胞、肥大細(xì)胞和巨噬細(xì)胞也表達(dá)IL-17A [5]。IL-17A在炎癥和自身免疫性皮膚病中的作用已被廣泛報(bào)道,如銀屑病、特應(yīng)性皮炎(AD)、白癜風(fēng)、系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡、惡性黑色素瘤常見(jiàn)皮膚病 [6]。此外,IL-17家族是銜接腫瘤與炎癥的關(guān)鍵炎癥因子之一,而IL-17A則是該家族中最具代表性的成員 [7]。因此,IL-17A被認(rèn)為是炎癥相關(guān)皮膚病及癌癥的重要媒介。


3. IL-17A在炎癥中的作用機(jī)制

IL-17A作為IL-17家族中主要的炎性介質(zhì),是目前該家族中研究的最為清楚的成員,它可以誘導(dǎo)炎癥性基因的表達(dá),同時(shí)也參與多種免疫相關(guān)疾病的炎癥性發(fā)病機(jī)制。此外,IL17A異常表達(dá)與多種惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展相關(guān),在不同惡性腫瘤中IL17A可通過(guò)不同信號(hào)通路,發(fā)揮抑癌基因或者原癌基因的作用。

在銀屑病中,IL-23/Th17/IL-17A軸是其發(fā)病的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),IL-17A與其角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞表達(dá)受體(IL-17R)結(jié)合,促進(jìn)了角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞的異常分化和增殖,以及趨化因子(CXCL1,CXCL2CCL20)的表達(dá),Th17和樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞向皮膚的募集及抗菌肽的表達(dá)增強(qiáng),細(xì)胞粘附分子的表達(dá)減少,導(dǎo)致皮膚屏障功能破壞 [8-9]圖2)。在特應(yīng)性皮炎(Atopic Dermatitis,AD)中,AD兒童的IL-17A、IL-17E、IL-17F和IL-23血清濃度均升高,且與疾病的嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān) [11]。

IL-17A在銀屑病中的作用機(jī)制

圖2. IL-17A在銀屑病中的作用機(jī)制 [9]

在強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎(Ankylosing spondylitis,AS)中,疾病活動(dòng)度高的患者其IL-17A表達(dá)水平越高,而IL-35水平越低。IL-17A與IL-35作為一對(duì)有著密切聯(lián)系的促炎/抗炎細(xì)胞因子,于生理狀態(tài)下兩種細(xì)胞因子的表達(dá)水平處于相對(duì)平衡狀態(tài),一旦平衡失調(diào)可誘發(fā)一系列自身免疫系統(tǒng)病癥 [12]。此外,IL-17的高度表達(dá),可造成皮膚細(xì)胞與組織的損傷,導(dǎo)致黑素細(xì)胞功能破壞,皮膚色素出現(xiàn)脫失,產(chǎn)生白斑,從而導(dǎo)致白癜風(fēng)的產(chǎn)生 [13]。

在黑色素瘤中,IL-17A可促進(jìn)間質(zhì)細(xì)胞、纖維細(xì)胞和腫瘤細(xì)胞中PGE2、VEGF等血管生成因子的分泌而使細(xì)胞間粘附分子高表達(dá),通過(guò)IL-17-VEGF途徑,促進(jìn)腫瘤血管生成(圖3[16]。在結(jié)直腸癌中,IL-17A高表達(dá),Th17細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)TGF-β、CXCR3CCR6、IL-6等免疫抑制介質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生,促進(jìn)結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)生 [17]。在卵巢癌中,敲低IL-17A可能通過(guò)抑制IL-17-STAT3信號(hào)通路,抑制VEGF-A的表達(dá),抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞增值 [18]。

IL-17A在黑色素瘤中的作用機(jī)制

圖3. IL-17A在黑色素瘤中的作用機(jī)制 [16]


4. IL-17A在疾病治療中的作用

IL-17A作為近些年以來(lái)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的細(xì)胞因子,其強(qiáng)大的促炎功能可以介導(dǎo)和維持炎癥反應(yīng)。炎性細(xì)胞及相關(guān)炎癥因子是腫瘤微環(huán)境的重要組成部分。目前,IL-17A在炎癥和自身免疫性皮膚病中的作用已被廣泛報(bào)道,而IL-17A在腫瘤的形成中,存在正反兩方面的研究證據(jù),其確切作用有待闡明。

4.1 IL-17A與炎癥性疾病

4.1.1 銀屑病

銀屑病是一種由遺傳、環(huán)境、免疫等多種因素介導(dǎo)的慢性炎癥性皮膚病。目前已知的參與銀屑病的多種炎癥細(xì)胞分泌的細(xì)胞因子包括IL-17A、IL-8、IL-21、IL-6、IL-25、IL-19、IL-36、TNF-α等。IL-17A等在銀屑病免疫學(xué)發(fā)病機(jī)制中占有重要地位,目前已有相應(yīng)的靶向IL-17A的藥物單抗,能快速有效治療中重度銀屑病,包括司庫(kù)奇尤單抗、依奇珠單抗、古塞奇尤單抗等 [19]

4.1.2 強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎

強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎(Ankylosing Spondylitis,AS)是一種慢性炎癥性自身免疫性病癥,疾病進(jìn)展可出現(xiàn)關(guān)節(jié)強(qiáng)直、脊柱畸形。AS遺傳危險(xiǎn)因素主要有TBX21IL-27、PTGER4NKX2-1、IL-12B、IL-7RIL-6R、IL-1R2、IL-1R1等,這些因素多與適應(yīng)性免疫效應(yīng)細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的白介素IL-17A免疫有關(guān)。目前,IL-17A在AS中的作用受到了廣泛關(guān)注,AS患者關(guān)節(jié)、滑液、血清與CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞內(nèi)IL-17A呈高表達(dá),一系列IL-17A相關(guān)基因已經(jīng)被確定為AS發(fā)展的危險(xiǎn)因素 [20]。

4.1.3 系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡

系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡(Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,SLE)是由于患者身體免疫系統(tǒng)持續(xù)激活,釋放大量細(xì)胞因子以及自身抗體,導(dǎo)致的組織損害。Th17細(xì)胞參與了系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡的發(fā)病機(jī)制,在誘導(dǎo)炎癥反應(yīng)及臟器損害中有著關(guān)鍵作用。研究顯示,血清IL-17、IL-23及HMGB1在SLE患者中顯著高表達(dá),且與疾病活動(dòng)性密切相關(guān),表明IL-17與SLE發(fā)病機(jī)制或控制病情有關(guān) [21]。

4.2 IL-17A與腫瘤

4.2.1 黑色素瘤

IL-17A及Th17在黑色素瘤中的作用復(fù)雜。研究表明,小鼠腫瘤模型中,Th17細(xì)胞能夠激活內(nèi)源性細(xì)胞毒性CD8+T細(xì)胞,從而消除小鼠黑色素瘤 [22]。還有研究報(bào)道,Th17細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)晚期B16黑素瘤的破壞,其治療效果嚴(yán)重依賴于干擾素(IFN)的產(chǎn)生 [23]。IL-17A的促腫瘤作用是通過(guò)IL-6-Stat3信號(hào)通路直接作用于腫瘤細(xì)胞實(shí)現(xiàn) [24]。另有數(shù)據(jù)提示,IL-17A和IL-23表達(dá)高于普通良性痣,提示IL-17A、IL-23可能參與皮膚黑色素瘤,并對(duì)黑色素瘤的侵襲性產(chǎn)生影響 [25]。

4.2.2 結(jié)腸癌

利用已建立的穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染小鼠IL-17全長(zhǎng)基因的小鼠結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞(C26/pc DNA3.1-IL-17),學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn)C26/pc DNA3.1-IL-17細(xì)胞接種小鼠體內(nèi)后,荷瘤小鼠的腫瘤生長(zhǎng)速度降低,明顯小于C26/pc DNA3.1細(xì)胞組及C26細(xì)胞組。接種C26/pc DNA3.1的小鼠脾淋巴細(xì)胞表達(dá)更高水平的IFN-γ、IL-4、GATA-3、ROR-γt、IL-10。研究表明IL-17在小鼠體內(nèi)具有明顯的抗腫瘤作用,其抗腫瘤作用與增強(qiáng)機(jī)體免疫應(yīng)答有關(guān) [26-27]

4.2.3 卵巢癌

通過(guò)人上皮性卵巢癌細(xì)胞株SKOV3建立裸鼠人上皮性卵巢癌移植瘤模型,將造模成功的裸鼠隨機(jī)分成對(duì)照組和IL-17-siRNA組,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),IL-17-siRNA組的腫瘤體積顯著小于對(duì)照組,IL-17-siRNA組的細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著升高。IL-17-siRNA組的p-JAK和p-STAT3表達(dá)顯著降低,Caspase-3Caspase-8、Caspase-9的表達(dá)顯著升高。因此,抑制IL-17A表達(dá),可促進(jìn)腫瘤組織細(xì)胞凋亡,減緩卵巢癌的發(fā)展 [28-29]


5. IL-17A的藥物研究進(jìn)展

目前,IL-17A已成為炎癥性、自身免疫性和腫瘤性皮膚病治療重要靶點(diǎn)。除智翔金泰和盛迪亞之外,三生國(guó)健于2023年4月完成了SSGJ-608的III期臨床患者入組,有望于2024年底申報(bào)上市;百奧泰的BAT-2306、康方生物的古莫奇單抗(AK111)和Biocad/上藥帛康生物的Netakimab,均已處于III期臨床;君實(shí)生物、麗珠集團(tuán)等也有相應(yīng)產(chǎn)品在開(kāi)展Ⅱ期臨床試驗(yàn)。IL-17A單抗在炎癥性疾病和腫瘤治療中的研發(fā)進(jìn)展為患者帶來(lái)了新的希望,隨著臨床試驗(yàn)的不斷推進(jìn)和藥物的陸續(xù)上市,預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)將有更多的IL-17A抑制劑藥物應(yīng)用于臨床,為患者提供更多樣化的治療選擇。

為鼎力協(xié)助各藥企針對(duì)IL-17A靶點(diǎn)在銀屑病等自身免疫疾病藥物方面的研發(fā)工作,CUSABIO推出IL-17A活性蛋白、抗體、試劑盒系列產(chǎn)品,助力您在IL-17A機(jī)制方面的研究或其潛在臨床價(jià)值的探索。

IL-17A蛋白:

Recombinant Human Interleukin-17A(IL17A)(T26A) (Active)

High Specifity Validated by Western Blot

The high specifity was validated by western blot. (Tris-Glycine gel) Discontinuous SDS-PAGE (reduced) with 5% enrichment gel and 15% separation gel.

Excellent Bioactivity Validated by Functional ELISA

Immobilized Human IL17A at 2 μg/ml can bind Anti-IL17A recombinant antibody (CSB-RA624104MA1HU), the EC50 is 1.818-2.170 ng/mL.

IL-17A抗體:

IL17A monoclonal antibody

CSB-RA624104MA1HU

IL17A Antibody

CSB-PA06659A0Rb

IL17A Antibody

CSB-PA06659A0Rb


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