Pig Leptin,LEP ELISA Kit

Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways. In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive function, regulates pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin secretion, is pro-angiogenic for endothelial cell and affects innate and adaptive immunity. In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, activates by depolarization POMC neurons inducing FOS and SOCS3 expression to release anorexigenic peptides and inhibits by hyperpolarization NPY neurons inducing SOCS3 with a consequent reduction on release of orexigenic peptides. In addition to its known satiety inducing effect, has a modulatory role in nutrient absorption. In the intestine, reduces glucose absorption by enterocytes by activating PKC and leading to a sequential activation of p38, PI3K and ERK signaling pathways which exerts an inhibitory effect on glucose absorption. Acts as a growth factor on certain tissues, through the activation of different signaling pathways increases expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation such as CCND1, via JAK2-STAT3 pathway, or VEGFA, via MAPK1/3 and PI3K-AKT1 pathways. May also play an apoptotic role via JAK2-STAT3 pathway and up-regulation of BIRC5 expression. Pro-angiogenic, has mitogenic activity on vascular endothelial cells and plays a role in matrix remodeling by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In innate immunity, modulates the activity and function of neutrophils by increasing chemotaxis and the secretion of oxygen radicals. Increases phagocytosis by macrophages and enhances secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Increases cytotoxic ability of NK cells. Plays a pro-inflammatory role, in synergy with IL1B, by inducing NOS2 wich promotes the production of IL6, IL8 and Prostaglandin E2, through a signaling pathway that involves JAK2, PI3K, MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAPK14/p38. In adaptive immunity, promotes the switch of memory T-cells towards T helper-1 cell immune responses. Increases CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell proliferation and reduces autophagy during TCR (T-cell receptor) stimulation, through MTOR signaling pathway activation and BCL2 up-regulation.

1. study has allowed a transcriptional characterization of LEP and LEPR isoforms on a range of tissues. Their expression patterns seem to indicate that both molecules develop peripheral roles apart from their known hypothalamic signal transduction function PMID: 23824082
2. The lack of effect of heat stress on the expression of leptin suggests that this peptide may not be involved in the reduction of feed intake of HS acclimated pigs. PMID: 27264891
3. A high variability of the LEP was detected in the different analysed populations providing new data for the existence of two domestication centres in Asia. PMID: 25910874
4. The presence of leptin and ObR-b varies across parities and is more intense in the uterus, ovaries and hypothalamus of females that were cycling before culling than in those having cystic ovaries. PMID: 25363738
5. Studied 3'UTR leptin polymorphism regulatory sequences' affect on gene expression and their association with production traits. PMID: 25380469
6. These results suggest that LEPR, MC4R, PIK3C3 and VRTN are useful markers for accurately predicting breeding values in Duroc pigs. PMID: 24128088
7. Data showing changes in expression patterns of LEP/LEPR in endometrium/chorioallantoic membrane during placentation/fetal development suggest role for LEP/LEPR complex at early stages of pregnancy, possibly affecting the attachment process. PMID: 25245493
8. Another funning discovery is ob-Rb mRNA in porcine endometrium was mainly negative-regulated by leptin PMID: 24407604
9. Characterization of a distinctive pattern of periovulatory leptin secretion and its relationship with ovulation rate and luteal function in swine with obesity/leptin resistance PMID: 22841857
10. Leptin and leptin receptor are expressed in porcine luteal cells, and there is a modulatory effect of LH, estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) on leptin mRNA expression as well as E and P on leptin secretion by those cells obtained in early pregnancy. PMID: 24101399
11. The present study aimed to determine the effects of breed and sex on growth patterns and metabolic features of advanced-pregnancy foetuses from lean and obese/leptin resistant swine. PMID: 23935823
12. Locally produced leptin plays a role in the regulation of porcine reproduction at the ovarian level and exerts a direct effect on follicles. Differences in long isoform of leptin receptor gene expression varies in the ovaries of pregnant and cyclic pigs. PMID: 23031202
13. These results indicate that leptin and its receptors are expressed in porcine luteal cells and suggest that estradiol and progesterone affect leptin mRNA expression and leptin secretion during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. PMID: 23153703
14. results suggest the T alleles of both LEP g.1387C>T and LEPR c.1987C>T, which are fixed in the Iberian pigs, would lead to an increase in growth, fatness and saturated fatty acid content in fat, which could be explained by an increased feed intake PMID: 22497241
15. Linkage disequilibrium analysis among MC4R, LEP and H-FABP revealed that these genes were independent. PMID: 22290286
16. role of transcription factor p53 and the metabolic hormone leptin, in controlling basic functions (proliferation, apoptosis and secretory activity) of ovarian cells PMID: 22151798
17. The expression levels of leptin in the ovary during mid- and late-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle as well as during days 14-16 and 30-32 of pregnancy is reported. PMID: 19930136
18. These results suggest that SNP G-2863A is a potential DNA marker for backfat thickness and has a regulatory role in leptin transcription. PMID: 20848213
19. Increases in epicardial perivascular adipose tissue leptin exacerbate coronary endothelial dysfunction in MetS via a PKC-beta-dependent pathway. PMID: 20576943
20. These results indicate that both leptin and OB-Rb are synthesized in the porcine hypothalamus and participate in control of reproduction during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. PMID: 19000220
21. leptin enhances oocyte nuclear maturation via activation of the MAPK pathway. PMID: 15284194
22. Leptin mRNA expression in the porcine hypothalamus and pituitary gland changes with time in pregnancy. PMID: 15349084
23. The expression of leptin mRNA is higher in Large White pigs than that in Erhualian pigs. PMID: 15379252
24. a transient increase in insulin during fasting is effective in restoring leptin concentrations; in addition, leptin levels in follicular fluid parallel those in plasma PMID: 15824969
25. the role of leptin is to restrict the stage of corpora lutea formation PMID: 16177544
26. LEP genotypes had significant influence on performance traits, and can be considered as potential genetic markers for selection. PMID: 17177692
27. A 245 bp fragment of the porcine leptin gene promoter in the proximity of the transcription start site, is described. PMID: 17318373
28. Leptin gene and protein expression in porcine endometrium, myometrium and trophoblast indicated that locally synthetized leptin can participate in control of pig reproduction. PMID: 17928651
29. By sequencing LEP genes in 72 pigs belonging to lean (Large White and Duroc), fat (Meishan and Casertana) breeds and also Wild Boar, 98 polymorphic sites, of which 91 were novel, were found in the Leptin sequence. PMID: 18363978
30. These data demonstrated that feed allowance level has important consequence on embryo survival, embryo development and uterine development, possibly mediated by changes in concentrations of reproductive hormones. PMID: 18700853
31. polymorphisms in the leptin gene of 112 pigs and compare the maternal and paternal lineage of Pietrain and Large White breeds that underwent a divergent selection for over 30 years PMID: 19048501
32. Therefore, our findings suggest a possible involvement of leptin in endocrine or autocrine/paracrine control of porcine male reproductive structures. PMID: 19306434
33. This article describes the interaction between conjugated linoleic acids and leptin in the white adipose tissue of heavy pigs and hypothesized that there is an increased noradrenergic stimulation of lipolysis directly in the target tissue. PMID: 19710164

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Secreted.

Leptin family

KEGG: ssc:396832

STRING: 9823.ENSSSCP00000017572

UniGene: Ssc.102384