Human Interleukin 28A,IL-28A/IFN-λ2 ELISA kit

Cytokine with antiviral, antitumour and immunomodulatory activities. Plays a critical role in the antiviral host defense, predominantly in the epithelial tissues. Acts as a ligand for the heterodimeric class II cytokine receptor composed of IL10RB and IFNLR1, and receptor engagement leads to the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway resulting in the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG), which mediate the antiviral state. Has a restricted receptor distribution and therefore restricted targets: is primarily active in epithelial cells and this cell type-selective action is because of the epithelial cell-specific expression of its receptor IFNLR1. Seems not to be essential for early virus-activated host defense in vaginal infection, but plays an important role in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced antiviral defense. Plays a significant role in the antiviral immune defense in the intestinal epithelium. Exerts an immunomodulatory effect by up-regulating MHC class I antigen expression.

1. NS of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus inhibited the activity of IFN-alpha1, IFN-beta, IFN-lambda1 and IFN-lambda2 through inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation. PMID: 26353965
2. Studies indicate that the type III interferons (IFNs) or IFN-lambdas consists of four members: IFN-lambda1 (IL-29), IFN-lambda2 (IL28A), IFN-lambda3 (IL-28B) and IFN-lambda4. PMID: 26194286
3. These results show that type III interferons (IFN-lambdas) play a critical protective role in human metapneumovirus infection. PMID: 25355870
4. Results showed no association between genotypes and alleles of IL28A, IL28B or IL29 polymorphisms and Hepatitis C virus infection. PMID: 24269996
5. this study provides evidence for potential IL-28A participation in Behcet's diseaseand its value as a therapeutic agent. PMID: 24973639
6. Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 and -7 are the key transcriptional factors for the induction of IL-28A and IL-28B genes, whereas NF-kappaB is an additional requirement for the induction of the IL-29 gene. PMID: 24385435
7. The results show that IL-28A/IL-28AR1 dyad-induced wound healing migration requires NF-kappaB-mediated MMP-9 expression by MAPK activation. PMID: 22560878
8. IL-28 genotype was not associated with response to interferon treatment (OR for GT/GG vs. TT, 0.881 (95%CI 0.388 - 2.002); P = 0.762; OR for CT/CC vs. TT, 0.902 (95%CI 0.458 - 1.778); P = 0.766). PMID: 23652058
9. IFN-lambdas can also directly affect T cells through inhibition of the T helper 2 cell (Th2) responses. IFN-lambdas have varying immunomodulatory functions under different physiological conditions PMID: 23207147
10. p38 MAPK pathway mediates IL-28A-induced cell migration through MMP-9 expression by activating NF-kappaB and AP-1 binding motifs. PMID: 22825757
11. Elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-5, IL-20, and IL-28A) is associated with bladder cancer development. PMID: 22962576
12. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are major producers of IFN-lambda2 (a type III interferon) in response to viral stimulation. PMID: 22891284
13. This study aimed to 1) examine DNA sequences in IL28B surrounding each of the reported associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the corresponding regions in IL28A. PMID: 22253847
14. IL-29/IL-28A suppress herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection of human NT2-N neurons. PMID: 21499846
15. In general IL-29 serum levels exceeded IL-28A/B at least twofold, with IL-29 and IL-28A/B levels being significantly higher in carriers of the rs12979860 C allele than in TT homozygous individuals in hepatitis C PMID: 21145813
16. In contrast to IL-29, IL-28A is a potent gene repressor in patients with hepatitis C PMID: 21170333
17. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) PMID: 20576307
18. Chronic hepatitis C patients with the rs12979860 CC responder genotype may have a lower endogenous IFN response to the virus. PMID: 20235331
19. study supports that IFN-lambdas do not influence every type of cell and that membrane-associated variant IFN-lambda R1 expression is not sufficient to ensure cellular sensitivity toward these cytokines. PMID: 19798076
20. identified from the human genomic sequence a family of three cytokines, designated interleukin 28A (IL-28A), IL-28B and IL-29, that are distantly related to type I interferons (IFNs) and the IL-10 family PMID: 12469119
21. closely positioned genes on human chromosome 19 encode distinct but paralogous proteins, which we designate interferon-lambda1 (IFN-lambda1), IFN-lambda2 and IFN-lambda3 PMID: 12483210
22. IL-28A and IL-29 induced mRNA expression of the antiviral proteins 2',5'-OAS and MxA was abolished by overexpression of SOCS-1 PMID: 15850793
23. we found IL-28A and IL-29 act similarly to IFNs, but are less effective generally and have activity in a more limited range of cell lines PMID: 15899585
24. IECs express functional receptors for IFN-lambdas, which mediate antiviral and antiproliferative signals in IECs, suggesting a potential for therapeutic use in certain viral infections and as (antiproliferative) anticancer therapy PMID: 16051921
25. IL-28A antiviral activity is associated with the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and expression of ISGs. PMID: 16146571
26. IFN-lambdas are thus able to generate tolerogenic DCs, an activity that could thwart IFN-beta functions PMID: 16478884
27. IFNs lambda exhibit several common features with type I IFNs: antiviral activity, antiproliferative activity and in vivo antitumour activity [review] PMID: 17367910
28. These data provide direct and compelling evidence that IFN-lambda, through both extracellular and intracellular antiviral mechanisms, inhibits HIV-1 replication in macrophages. PMID: 19193806
29. recent findings about the biology of IFN-lambdas and their pathophysiological roles in viral infection, cancer, and immune responses of the innate and adaptive arms.[review] PMID: 19304895

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Secreted.

Lambda interferon family

HGNC: 18364

OMIM: 607401

KEGG: hsa:282616

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000333639

UniGene: Hs.567792