PODXL

What is PODXL?

PODXL, also known as Podocalyxin or Podocalyxin-like protein-1 (PCLP1), is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein.

PODXL belongs to the CD34 / podocalyxin family of salivary mucins, is a negatively charged transmembrane salivary milk protein with anti-adhesion.

PODXL protein was initially identified as an important component of glomerular podocytes. It contains an intracellular region with a large amount of electric charge, which is the most important material basis for preventing adhesion between foot processes, maintaining the structure of hiatus membrane and the charge barrier of glomerular filtration membrane.

The function of PODXL is mainly involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and cell morphology. Its overexpression is mainly related to the poor prognosis of malignant tumors.

The Structure of PODXL

The PODXL gene is located in the 7q32 - q33 region of the chromosome. The protein encoded by this gene is a type Ⅰ transmembrane glycoprotein with a relative molecular weight of 140 - 160 kDa.

PODXL has a large number of sialic acid and sulfate components, which is composed of a highly sialylated extracellular domain, a spherical region composed of disulfide bonds, a single transmembrane region and a short cytoplasmic tail region with a large amount of electric charge.

The extracellular domain contains a large number of glycosylation sites.

The cytoplasmic tail contains phosphorylation sites and DTHL functional regions.

It has been found that the PDZ binding motif (DTHL) of the cytoplasmic tail of PODXL can promote its interaction with Na (+) / H (+) exchange regulatory factors NHERF1 and NHERF2. These two junction proteins form complexes with a variety of proteins and play an important role in protein transport, ion transport and signal transduction.

The Expression of PODXL

PODXL was first found in glomerular podocytes and is a major sialic acid protein in glomerular podocytes. In addition, it is also found in hematopoietic progenitor cells, breast epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, embryonic stem cells and some neurons.

It has been found that PODXL is expressed in a variety of malignant tumors, such as pancreatic cancer, periampullary cancer, esophagus, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and urothelial cancer. Its overexpression is also related to the poor prognosis of malignant tumors.

The Function of PODXL

The main function of PODXL is to regulate adhesion and cell morphology.

PODXL carries a large amount of negative charge, which is an important material basis for preventing foot adhesion and maintaining glomerular basement membrane (GBM) structure. PODXL has anti-adhesion function in podocytes. However, it is a kind of adhesion-promoting molecule in lymphocytes, which can enhance the adhesion to L-selectin and increase the migration rate of cancer cells.

Because PODXL is mainly expressed in glomerular epithelial cells but not in other urethral epithelial cells, urinary PODXL is used as a marker molecule to detect urinary podocytes in patients with various glomerular diseases. PODXL can provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of related nephropathy.

Studies have shown that PODXL is associated with the invasion and poor prognosis of a variety of tumors, such as pancreatic cancer, periampullary cancer, esophagus, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and urothelial cancer. PODXL also plays an important role in cancer stroma, which promotes the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells by regulating the interaction of type I collagen, E-cadherin and vimentin 1.

The function of PODXL may depend on ezrin and NHERF proteins.

PODXL may affect the function of many important cells through its association with NHERF protein, ezrin and actin cytoskeleton.

The Latest Research Progress

The correlation between KLF4 and PODXL was detected in gastric cancer tissue microarray and fresh gastric cancer tissue. The results show that KLF4 / PODXL signal pathway plays an irreplaceable role in the occurrence, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer, and PODXL can be used as an independent prognostic index of gastric cancer patients.

Hot Products of PODXL

PODXL Monoclonal Antibody (ELISA, WB, IHC, IP, IF, FC) (CSB-MA134471A0m)